What the trial was testing
The trial enrolled 65 patients with melanoma. The study was sponsored by Yale University and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.
It was initial testing (phase 2). Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.
What the results showed
22% of melanoma patients and 33% of lung cancer patients saw brain tumors shrink.
The Lancet. Oncology · 2016 · NCT02085070
These findings — that saw their brain tumors shrink with pembrolizumab treatment — were published in the The Lancet. Oncology and represent the headline result of the study.
Researchers tracked outcomes across 65 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.
What this means for patients
For patients with melanoma, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.
What you can do now
This was an initial testing study. Pembrolizumab is now FDA-approved for melanoma and certain lung cancers, including some cases with brain metastases. If you have cancer that has spread to your brain, ask your oncologist whether pembrolizumab or similar immunotherapy might be an option for you.
Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.
Open melanoma trials
A Phase II Trial of LM103 in Advanced Melanoma
A total of 92 subjects with advanced melanoma who met the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the experimental group and the control group in this phase II trial. The study will be followed up until 24 months after treatment.
A Study to Assess the Long-term Safety Outcomes in Patients Previously Treated With RP1, RP2, or RP3
This is a noninterventional, observational, long-term follow-up (LTFU) study. Patients in this study will be followed for 5 years from enrollment on this study to assess potential delayed risks of RPx products. Eligible participants for this LTFU study include patients who received at least 1 dose of an RPx product under the interventional parent study. Patients will be rolled over into this LTFU study after completion of the Replimune-sponsored parent study (ie, either completion of the LTFU in the parent study or withdrawal from the parent study). All patients in ongoing RPx studies will be asked to participate in this LTFU study so that the Sponsor can evaluate potential delayed risks.