What the trial was testing
The TRANSFORM-2 enrolled 236 patients with depression. The study was sponsored by Janssen Research & Development and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.
It was a large trial designed to confirm whether the treatment works well enough for wider use. Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.
What the results showed
4 points greater improvement on depression scales at 4 weeks vs. antidepressant alone.
American Journal of Psychiatry · 2019 · NCT02418585
These findings — that greater improvement on depression scales at 4 weeks with esketamine + a new oral antidepressant — were published in the American Journal of Psychiatry and represent the headline result of the study.
Researchers tracked outcomes across 236 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.
What this means for patients
For patients with depression, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.
What you can do now
Esketamine (Spravato) is FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression and for depression with active suicidal thoughts. Sessions happen at certified clinics under medical supervision (~2 hours each), starting twice weekly and tapering. Ask your psychiatrist whether you'd qualify if at least two antidepressants haven't worked for you.
Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.
Open depression trials
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of DT-101 as an Adjunctive Treatment in Patients With Depression
In this study, researchers will learn more about a study drug called DT-101 in participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), a form of depression. The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if DT-101 can treat depression in adults. The effect of DT-101 will be compared to placebo. A placebo looks the drug but contains no medicine. Subjects will attend the clinic for complete general health checks and to complete questionnaires.
Personalized Brain Stimulation to Treat Chronic Concussive Symptoms
The goal of this study is to investigate a new treatment for chronic symptoms after concussion or mild traumatic brain injury in people aged 18-65 years old. Chronic symptoms could include dizziness, headache, fatigue, brain fog, memory difficulty, sleep disruption, irritability, or anxiety that occurred or worsened after the injury. These symptoms can interfere with daily functioning, causing difficulty returning to physical activity, work, or school. Previous concussion therapies have not been personalized nor involved direct treatments to the brain itself. The treatment being tested in the present study is a noninvasive, personalized form of brain stimulation, called transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The investigators intend to answer the questions: 1. Does personalized TMS improve brain connectivity after concussion? 2. Does personalized TMS improve avoidance behaviors and chronic concussive symptoms? 3. Do the improvements last up to 2 months post-treatment? 4. Are there predictors of treatment response, or who might respond the best? Participants will undergo 14 total visits to University of California Los Angeles (UCLA): 1. One for the baseline symptom assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2. Ten for TMS administration 3. Three for post-treatment symptom assessments and MRIs Participants will have a 66% chance of being assigned to an active TMS group and 33% chance of being assigned to a sham, or inactive, TMS group. The difference is that the active TMS is more likely to cause functional changes in the brain than the inactive TMS.