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LeukemiaMarch 2022Summary reviewed September 2026

After Stem Cell Transplant, 71% of Blood Cancer Patients Stayed Cancer-Free at One Year

Patients with a high-risk form of leukemia received four cycles of an antibody infusion in their first year after transplant. Nearly 3 in 4 stayed in remission. Side effects were mild — very low rates of immune reactions or nerve problems. This approach may help prevent relapse when the immune system is recovering.

What the trial was testing

The trial enrolled 23 patients with leukemia. The study was sponsored by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.

It was initial testing (phase 2). Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.

What the results showed

71% of high-risk leukemia patients stayed cancer-free one year after transplant with this maintenance treatment.

Blood · 2022 · NCT02807883

These findings — that high-risk leukemia patients remained in remission after transplant with maintenance treatment — were published in the Blood and represent the headline result of the study.

Researchers tracked outcomes across 23 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.

What this means for patients

For patients with leukemia, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.

What you can do now

This was a mid-stage study testing whether an antibody infusion after transplant could keep leukemia from coming back. The treatment appeared safe and helped many patients stay in remission. It's not yet standard care — talk to your transplant team about whether maintenance therapy like this might be right for you.

Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.