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Kidney DiseaseDecember 2023Summary reviewed August 2026

Experimental Treatment Let 6 in 17 Babies Born Without Kidneys Survive to Leave Hospital

Babies born without kidneys usually die within hours because their lungs can't develop. Doctors tested repeated fluid injections during pregnancy to help the lungs grow. While 14 of 17 babies survived their first two weeks, only 6 made it home on dialysis — showing the treatment helps with breathing but doesn't solve all the challenges.

What the trial was testing

The RAFT enrolled 55 patients with kidney disease. The study was sponsored by Johns Hopkins University and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.

It was an early-stage trial — researchers are still confirming safety and getting an early look at how well the treatment works. Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.

What the results showed

6 of 17 babies with no kidneys survived to hospital discharge after experimental fluid treatments during pregnancy.

JAMA · 2023 · NCT03101891

These findings — that babies born without kidneys left the hospital alive on dialysis — were published in the JAMA and represent the headline result of the study.

Researchers tracked outcomes across 55 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.

What this means for patients

For patients with kidney disease, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.

What you can do now

This was an early safety study for a condition that is usually fatal at birth. The treatment is not FDA-approved and remains highly experimental. If you're facing this diagnosis, ask your maternal-fetal medicine team about fetal therapy centers and whether this approach might be an option for your family.

Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.