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Liver DiseaseMarch 2022Summary reviewed August 2026

Immunotherapy Before and After Surgery Was Safe for Liver Cancer Patients

Researchers tested two immunotherapy regimens in 27 patients with liver cancer that could be surgically removed. Patients received treatments before and after surgery. Both approaches were well-tolerated, with no surgeries delayed due to treatment side effects. The combination of two immunotherapy drugs showed a median time to cancer progression of nearly 20 months compared to 9 months with one drug alone, though the small study size means more research is needed.

What the trial was testing

The trial enrolled 30 patients with liver disease. The study was sponsored by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.

It was mid-stage testing (phase 2/3). Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.

What the results showed

No surgeries were delayed due to treatment side effects in either group.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022 · NCT03222076

These findings — that immunotherapy before surgery did not interfere with planned operations — were published in the The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology and represent the headline result of the study.

Researchers tracked outcomes across 30 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.

What this means for patients

For patients with liver disease, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.

What you can do now

This was a small, mid-stage study testing whether immunotherapy is safe to give before and after liver cancer surgery. The good news: both treatments were well-tolerated and didn't interfere with surgery. The two-drug combination showed promise in delaying cancer return, but these treatments are not yet FDA-approved for this use. Talk to your doctor about clinical trials or approved liver cancer therapies.

Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.