Understanding the genetics and immune system of recurring fever and throat conditions

Plain-English translation of NCT05656365 on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗ · Source last updated April 2026 · Translation generated June 2026 · How we translate trials

What is this trial?

This study is collecting biological samples—like blood, saliva, and throat swabs—from people with PFAPA (a condition marked by periodic fevers, mouth sores, sore throat, and swollen neck glands) and other tonsil disorders. Researchers will study these samples to understand what genetic and immune system factors cause these conditions, so they can eventually develop better treatments.

Doctors don't yet fully understand why some people develop recurring fever and throat conditions like PFAPA. By studying the genetics and immune response in people with these conditions, researchers hope to identify the root causes and eventually create more targeted, effective treatments.

Do you qualify?

You likely qualify if…

you are at least 1 month old (or at least 3 years old if visiting the NIH Clinical Center in person)
you have been diagnosed with PFAPA or another tonsil disorder, or you have symptoms consistent with these conditions
you are willing to allow your samples and data to be stored and used for future research
you are willing to have genetic testing performed on your biological samples
you or your parent/guardian can provide informed consent to participate

You likely don't qualify if…

you have any medical condition that the study doctor believes would put you at undue risk from participation
you are unable or unwilling to provide informed consent or have a parent/guardian do so on your behalf
you are not willing to allow your genetic information to be tested or stored for research

What participation looks like

You will provide biological samples including blood, saliva, and swabs from your throat and nose. You can participate either by visiting one of the study sites in person or by meeting with researchers via telehealth and sending in samples you collect at home. If you are already scheduled for surgery to remove your tonsils or adenoids, the study will also collect leftover tissue samples from that procedure. The study is looking for about 1,500 participants total and will track how people respond to treatment over time.

Understanding the genetics and immune system of recurring fever and throat conditions

What is this trial?

Do you qualify?

What participation looks like

Trial locations(3 sites)