How smoking affects Crohn's disease recurrence after bowel surgery

This is a research study that looks back at medical records from over 600 adults with Crohn's disease who had bowel surgery. The researchers want to understand how different smoking habits — including vaping, e-cigarettes, heat-not-burn products like IQOS, and traditional cigarettes — affect whether the disease returns after surgery.

After bowel surgery for Crohn's disease, the condition often comes back in the same area. Doctors know that smoking can make this recurrence more likely, but there's very little information about how vaping and newer smoking products affect recovery and disease recurrence compared to traditional cigarettes and not smoking at all.