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Prostate CancerMay 2021Summary reviewed September 2026

Advanced Scan Boosted Cancer-Free Survival After Prostate Surgery by 12%

Men with prostate cancer who had rising PSA levels after surgery got radiation guided by a special PET scan. Three years later, 76% were cancer-free — compared to 63% who got standard scans. The advanced imaging helped doctors target the radiation more precisely.

What the trial was testing

The EMPIRE-1 enrolled 165 patients with prostate cancer. The study was sponsored by Emory University and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.

It was mid-stage testing (phase 2/3). Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.

What the results showed

76% of men who got the advanced scan before radiation were cancer-free at 3 years, versus 63% with standard imaging.

Lancet (London, England) · 2021 · NCT01666808

These findings — that advanced PET scan before radiation improved outcomes vs. standard scans — were published in the Lancet (London, England) and represent the headline result of the study.

Researchers tracked outcomes across 165 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.

What this means for patients

For patients with prostate cancer, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.

What you can do now

If your PSA is rising after prostate surgery and your doctor is planning radiation, ask about this imaging scan — it helped radiation work better in this study. The scan is FDA-approved and may help your radiation oncologist find and treat cancer more accurately. Your insurance may cover it.

Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.