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Multiple SclerosisSeptember 2020Summary reviewed June 2026

What ASCLEPIOS II Found — A Monthly Injection Cuts MS Relapse Rate in Half Compared to a Daily Pill

955 people with relapsing multiple sclerosis were randomly assigned to monthly ofatumumab injections or a daily teriflunomide pill. After about 18 months, people taking ofatumumab had half the relapse rate and nearly no new brain lesions on MRI — results that matched its companion trial, ASCLEPIOS I, almost exactly.

What the trial was testing

The ASCLEPIOS II enrolled 955 patients with multiple sclerosis. The study was sponsored by Novartis and tracked outcomes across the full group of patients who matched the trial's eligibility profile.

It was a large trial designed to confirm whether the treatment works well enough for wider use. Trials at this stage are designed to produce evidence regulators and physicians can act on — not just observations to follow up later.

What the results showed

People on ofatumumab had 51% fewer relapses per year and 98% fewer new active brain lesions compared to those taking teriflunomide.

New England Journal of Medicine · 2020 · NCT02792231

These findings — that ofatumumab reduced the annualized relapse rate by more than half compared to the standard daily oral treatment — were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and represent the headline result of the study.

Researchers tracked outcomes across 955 patients enrolled in the trial. The result was consistent enough across the group that the team felt confident reporting it.

What this means for patients

For patients with multiple sclerosis, this result changes the calculus on what to ask their care team about. Whether it changes day-to-day care depends on factors like disease subtype, prior treatments, and where the patient is in their care journey.

What you can do now

Ofatumumab (Kesimpta) is now FDA-approved for relapsing MS and available as a monthly self-injection you do at home with a pen device. If you have relapsing MS — especially if a current drug is not controlling relapses well — ask your neurologist whether ofatumumab is a good fit for your situation.

Eligibility for the treatments mentioned above depends on specific test results and clinical history. Bring this summary, the trial name, and your most recent labs or pathology report to your next visit.

Open multiple sclerosis trials